My first memory of antisemitism was when I was about six. I got some roller skates for my birthday and two of my friends were pulling me with string on my roller skates. They were pulling and I was rolling along in the street and a man came along and he shouted at them and said, you know, why are you pulling this Jew boy? Why are you becoming a minion to this Jew boy? And they were absolutely flabbergasted. Anyway, they dropped the rope and I went back home alone and told my mother and she comforted me. And then of course, it was 1933, I was six, and then it became worse and worse and especially after 1935 after the Nuremburg laws and then of course you had SA men in front of the shop, ‘Kauft nicht bei Juden’, don’t buy it with the Jews, and of course the shop went down. And we had a lot of trade with the farmers in the area and they still bought but the locals were afraid to come in. They were too frightened.
